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Patent disputes can be costly and time-consuming, but many can be resolved without going to court. Disputes typically arise in areas such as:

• patent infringement
• patent validity
• licensing
• patent ownership and entitlement
• opposition to patent applications
• breach of confidentiality or trade secrets
• post-grant patent amendments

To help businesses navigate these issues, the UK Intellectual Property Office (IPO) offers several alternative dispute resolution options. These can often resolve conflicts more quickly and at a lower cost than litigation.

IPO patent hearings

If a patent dispute arises, the IPO can hold a formal hearing to assess the issue. This can relate to patent applications or existing patents. There are two types of IPO patent hearings:

• Ex Parte hearings - if you disagree with an IPO decision on your patent (eg a rejected application), you can challenge it in a hearing
• Inter Partes hearings - if another party disputes your patent rights (eg infringement or ownership claims), the IPO will hear both sides before making a ruling

These hearings provide a structured way to settle disputes without going to court. Find out more about the .

IPO patent opinions

For disputes about infringement or validity, you can request an IPO opinion. This is a neutral, expert assessment by a senior examiner to decide:

• if a specific product or process infringes a patent
• if a patent is valid based on existing laws

While not legally binding, an IPO opinion can provide clarity and help businesses avoid unnecessary legal battles. It is often used as a basis for negotiation or settlement. Find out more about .

IPO mediation services

Mediation allows businesses to settle disputes privately and amicably, with the help of a neutral mediator. The IPO offers mediation services for disputes involving:

• patent infringement claims
• disagreements over licensing terms
• ownership disputes between co-inventors or businesses

Mediation is faster, cheaper, and more flexible than litigation and can help maintain business relationships. Read about .

Proving patent ownership

If someone challenges your right to a patent, you may need official documentation to prove ownership. The IPO can issue , which you can use as evidence in disputes, licensing negotiations, or legal proceedings.

When patent litigation is necessary

Litigation should only be a last resort due to its expense and complexity. However, it can provide a binding outcome and significant damages if successful. Find out how litigation fits into your enforcement strategy.