91香蕉黄色视频

Addressing occupational health concerns isn't optional. All employers have a legal duty of care to their employees.

Advantages of promoting occupational health

Taking occupational health seriously can also bring a range of business benefits:

• lower absenteeism - for further information, see manage absence and sickness
• improved relationships with customers and suppliers
• improved productivity
• reduced staff turnover

Overall, it can cut your business' costs and improve its performance.

Occupational health risks 

Tackling occupational health in your workplace broadly involves addressing:

• stress
• repetitive strain injury or work-related upper limb disorders
• back pain
• bullying, discrimination and harassment by other staff, managers or members of the public, such as customers
• the control of hazardous substances
• heat, light and noise

Occupational health problems are not only limited to immediate injury and disease. They can include the effects of long-term exposure to things like: 

• asbestos and other fibres
• vapours and dusts
• bacteria and viruses
• noise and vibration
• other physical risks

They can also include psychological and social issues such as violence, bullying and sexual harassment.

Promoting occupational health 

You should use the workplace as a setting to promote health in areas such as:

• smoking
• drug and alcohol use
• disease prevention and control, eg coronary heart disease and obesity

You must comply with the smoking ban in most enclosed public places, workplaces and company vehicles used by more than one person. 

Support employees when they become ill by:

• following best practice on rehabilitation
• making reasonable adjustments

For more information on your wider health and safety duties, see health and safety basics for business.

You should consider anything which affects your employees' welfare as an occupational health issue:

• Smoking, drug and alcohol abuse - not only can an addiction affect a person's performance, their behaviour can impact on colleagues. It is also against the law to smoke in workplaces and company vehicles used by more than one person. See workplace policies on smoking, drugs and alcohol.
• Stress - excessive pressure, work concerns or personal problems can affect your employees' mental, social and physical well-being. See how to deal with stress.
• Back pain and repetitive strain injury (RSI) - a variety of lifting, repetitive and other kinds of work, including computer work, can result in injury or longer-term disability. Good workstation design can help reduce the risks. See prevent repetitive strain injury at  work, computer health and safety at work and safety of workplace machinery, equipment and tools.
• Control of hazardous substances - using chemicals or other hazardous substances at work can put people's health at risk. You must control exposure to hazardous substances to prevent ill-health. See managing hazardous substances.
• Disease prevention and control - you should promote good health and take measures to reduce the risks of diseases, infections and allergies. See diseases, infections and allergies in the workplace.
• Heat, light, noise and vibration - consider exposure to sudden changes in , poor lighting and excessive or levels. See workplace welfare facilities and healthy working environment.
• Radiation - exposure to  (ionising and non-ionising) is a risk in manufacturing, construction, engineering and education occupations as well as medical and dental practices and the nuclear industry.
• Violence, bullying and harassment - physical violence or psychological intimidation can have a serious impact on an employee's well-being. An effective discipline and grievance procedure is essential in tackling such problems. See bullying and harassment and disciplinary procedures, hearings and appeals. You should also take steps to protect employees from harassment from both other staff and third parties such as customers and suppliers.
• Work-life balance - working practices help employees achieve a better balance between their work and personal lives which can increase their productivity at work. See promote healthy work-life balance in your business.

Depending on the business sector in which you operate, you and your employees are likely to face specific occupational health issues:

• 91香蕉黄色视频 - you should consider drivers' comfort and posture as well as the hours they spend at the wheel.
• Building and construction - consider employees' fitness for specific tasks. Aim to prevent injury and exposure to such as excessive noise, vibration and hazardous materials.
• Manufacturing - take into account a range of , from , temperature extremes and , to potentially dangerous processes and . 
• Agriculture - consider possible causes of stress such as long hours and and working alone, There is also a risk of exposure to dangerous chemicals, pesticides and zoonoses (diseases that can be spread from animals to humans).
• Offices - look at workstation design - seating, desks, lighting and screens, noise levels. See prevent repetitive strain injury at work and safety of workplace machinery, equipment and tools.
• Food and catering - consider the risks of allergies and infections posed by contact with certain substances.
• Retail, hotel and catering - consider how you can protect employees, particularly those in customer-facing roles, from third-party harassment.
• Warehousing - consider how exposure to sudden changes in temperature, lifting heavy items and poor lighting can affect health.

Regardless of the industry, you should pay particular attention to the needs of new and expectant mothers. 

You must also enforce the smoking ban. This means that all substantially enclosed public places, workplaces and company vehicles used by more than one person should be smoke-free.

Many industries have very specific health and safety requirements - it's essential to ensure you're familiar with those affecting you.

The condition and cleanliness of your workplace have a direct impact on the welfare of your employees. You must meet a range of minimum workplace standards under health and safety law.

Workplace facilities

You must provide:

• clean toilets, with water, soap and a towel or drier
• access to drinking water
• clean working areas, with waste regularly removed
• adequate space to work in
• a comfortable working temperature

You must also ensure that your workplace and any company vehicles used by more than one person are smoke-free.

See workplace welfare facilities and healthy working environment.

Risks to consider

Other issues you may have to consider include:

• supplying ergonomic office equipment, ie designed to give maximum comfort and 91香蕉黄色视频
• ensuring levels of dust and fumes are kept down - minimising smell levels
• ensuring staff are not subjected to excessive levels of noise
• preventing contact with irritants or hazardous substances
• providing well maintained and comfortable rest areas
• implementing good communication channels

Use a health and safety risk assessment to determine the specific risk in your business.

Manage occupational health risks

To establish and maintain a working environment that safeguards staff welfare you need to put into place systems which allow you to:

• identify and involve workers in assessing workplace risks
• assess and consider employees' needs when planning and organising work
• provide advice, information and training to employees, as well as mechanisms for employee feedback such as a suggestion scheme
• regularly monitor and record employees' health

Effective management of occupation health aims to improve general health and prevent work-related illness and injury. It should also include intervening early when health problems arise, and helping those who have long-term sickness to return to work.

Legal requirements

Some elements of occupational health are good practice, while others are legally required such as health and safety risk assessment.

Remember that you have a legal duty of care to your employees. This means you are responsible for all health and safety issues at work even those which are not covered by specific laws. You must assess all risks to employees' health and safety and take steps to control these risks.