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Moving dangerous goods by road is governed by international regulations and is strictly policed. Most European countries are signed up to the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). Each country which adheres to ADR implements specific safety measures through its own national legislation.

The purpose of ADR is to ensure that dangerous goods - including clinical and other dangerous waste - being carried by road are able to cross international borders freely, as long as goods, vehicles and drivers comply with its provisions. ADR has been in force since 1968 and is administered by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). It is updated every two years to take account of technological advances.

ADR sets out the requirements for classifying, packaging, labelling and certifying dangerous goods. These requirements are set out in Annex A to ADR. Vehicles carrying dangerous goods must comply with the provisions of Annex B to ADR, which includes vehicle and tank specifications and other operational requirements. The drivers of all vehicles (including those with a gross vehicle weight of 3.5 tonnes or less) carrying dangerous goods must have an ADR training certificate. There are exemptions for drivers carrying small loads below the threshold limits, drivers carrying dangerous goods packed in limited quantities, and drivers carrying dangerous goods packed in accepted quantities.

You are required to register as a waste carrier in order to carry certain types of dangerous waste.

If you transport loads of dangerous goods below certain volume or weight thresholds, many parts of ADR may not apply, or only apply in a modified form. General exemptions to ADR include the dangerous goods list, special provisions and exemptions related to dangerous goods packed in limited quantities.

In which countries does ADR apply?

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When transporting dangerous goods internationally under the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), you must ensure your consignments are always accompanied by a transport document. This sets out detailed information on the load being carried, including full classification of the substance(s) carried and how it is packaged. You must present the required information in a certain order and follow certain rules on language.

In addition to documents required under other regulations, under ADR you must ensure that the following documents are carried on the transport unit:

• transport document(s) containing prescribed information for each dangerous substance, material or article being carried - eg their UN number, their technical name in brackets in addition to the name under which they are being shipped
• emergency instructions in writing
• means of identification, including a photograph for each member of the vehicle crew

In addition, if any part of your journey involves sea transport of the vehicle, see requirements for the carriage of dangerous goods on vehicles at sea.

Emergency instructions in writing

The consignor of a vehicle carrying dangerous goods must provide the driver with details of the hazards associated with their dangerous goods loads and instructions on emergency action to take if an accident occurs. These instructions are in the form of an international 91香蕉黄色视频 Emergency Card, known as a 'Tremcard'.

Other agreements and legislation which may apply to dangerous loads

Some exceptions, or 'derogations' from the provisions of ADR are allowed under certain multilateral agreements. These allow goods to be transported - usually for a fixed period - between or through any of the countries that have signed up to the multilateral agreement. If you are carrying dangerous goods under such an agreement, you must carry a copy of that agreement.

You should also check whether other legislation beyond the ADR applies to the dangerous goods you carry - for example, load restrictions on the carriage of petrol.

If you intend to carry explosives or dangerous goods in tanks by road to or through countries which apply the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), you may need to obtain a certificate. You can .

Fixed-tank vehicles, tank-battery vehicles and other vehicles carrying explosives must undergo technical inspection and a certification procedure in their country of registration to make sure that they conform with ADR requirements and to the standard safety regulations in force, eg covering brakes, lighting and steering.

In the United Kingdom, vehicles can be inspected at certain Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency Goods Vehicle Testing Stations. These will issue a certificate of approval, valid for one year, for vehicles, which pass this inspection. Vehicle operators must pay a fee for the inspection.

Find more information on how to .

Under the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), drivers of vehicles with tanks and certain tank components, and some drivers of vehicles carrying dangerous goods in packages, are required to hold a special vocational certificate of training, sometimes referred to informally as an 'ADR Certificate'.

All drivers of vehicles carrying dangerous goods must attend an approved basic training course. These courses equip drivers with information and tools so that they:

• are aware of the hazards arising in the carriage of dangerous goods
• can take steps to reduce the likelihood of an incident taking place
• can take all necessary measures for their own safety and that of the public and the environment to limit the effects of any incident that does occur
• have individual practical experience of the actions they will need to take

Vehicles used to transport dangerous or hazardous goods must undergo annual checks in order to certify that they are roadworthy.

Certain dangerous goods vehicles must have an extra test and certificate over and above the normal heavy goods vehicle roadworthiness test. This is known informally as an 'ADR test'. It ensures that vehicles comply with the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). Vehicle requirements vary according to the nature of the goods being carried.

How to book your annual ADR Dangerous Goods Vehicle Test

Dangerous goods vehicle tests can be done at all Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency test stations. An ADR vehicle test can be carried out at the same time as the annual test, and an extra fee is payable for this. 

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The carriage of dangerous goods in vehicles on ships is governed in UK law by the Merchant Shipping (Dangerous Goods and Marine Pollutants) Regulations 1997. These regulations enact the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code established by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). The IMDG Code covers the carriage of goods, which have been classified as dangerous if transported by sea, or are a marine pollutant.

The 'Blue Book' referred to in previous guidance no longer exists. It has been replaced by Merchant Shipping Notices (MSNs), which are issued by the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA). MSNs cover mandatory information that must be complied with under United Kingdom legislation. These MSNs relate to legal requirements and contain the technical detail of such regulations.

To comply with the European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), companies engaged in carrying, packing, filling, loading and/or unloading of dangerous goods by road, rail or inland waterways may have to appoint a Dangerous Goods Safety Adviser (DGSA).

The cases in which this requirement applies are set out in Chapter 1.8.3 of ADR, which also explains the role of the DGSA.

In the United Kingdom, the ADR requirements for appointing a DGSA are enforced under the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.

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If you carry perishable foodstuffs abroad in an insulated refrigerated vehicle or container, many countries require you to comply with the Agreement on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and special equipment to be used for such carriage (ATP). If you own or operate a vehicle to transport perishable foodstuffs across international borders between countries that are signatories to ATP, you must have an ATP certificate for that vehicle.

In general, ATP's provisions prescribe the norms and standards for:

• preserving the quality of perishable foodstuffs during their international transport - ie are the goods insulated, refrigerated, mechanically refrigerated or heated as appropriate?
• the special transport equipment required
• checking that insulation is appropriate and intact
• distinguishing marks to be affixed to the special equipment
• the equipment and temperature conditions for deep-frozen and frozen foodstuffs

Your vehicle or container must carry a certificate or plate to show that it meets the standards for refrigeration and thermal efficiency laid down in the ATP. Checks on the certificate or plate may be made at borders or inside the countries concerned.

An ATP certificate is issued following an inspection of the vehicle or container by a 'Designated Station'. In the UK, the Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency has approved Cambridge Refrigeration Technology as a 'Designated Station'. They are authorised to test, examine, and certify vehicles and containers in accordance with the ATP.

Note that non-processed - ie fresh fruit and vegetables are not included within the scope of ATP.

Before an International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) vehicle inspection is carried out, fixed tanks, demountable tanks, vehicles carrying batteries of receptacles and tank containers must be examined and tested by an inspection body approved by the UK Department for 91香蕉黄色视频 (DfT). To get the appropriate certificates, your tank equipment will have to meet certain design, construction and equipment standards.