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The UK is one of the smaller wine producers in Europe, but one of the largest wine importers in the world.

UK wine facts and figures

In 2018, the UK wine and spirits industry:

• created 拢49 billion in economic activity
• generated 拢21.7 billion in sales, 拢10.6 billion of which in sales of wine
• employed 358,000 people across the supply chain

In the UK, 81 per cent of adults drink wine. Find more .

UK wine industry guidance

The main organisations providing guidance to the UK wine industry are:

• The  which represents all parts of the wine industry including businesses that produce, export, transport and sell wines in the UK.
• The which is responsible for ensuring wine regulations are enforced in Northern Ireland, England and Wales. The FSA aim to safeguard the quality, authenticity and correct labelling of wine products.

Wine is an alcoholic drink produced exclusively from the fermentation of fresh grapes, including sparkling and fortified wines (traded on ).

Legal definition of wine

Wine is legally defined, and can be labelled as such, if it meets the following standards:

• it is derived exclusively from the total or partial alcoholic fermentation of whole or crushed fresh grapes or grape must
• it has an actual alcoholic strength of not less than 8.5-9 per cent volume
• it has a total alcoholic strength of not more than 15 per cent volume
• it has a total acidity content of not less than 3.5 grams per litre of tartaric acid
• it complies with certain restrictions on how it is made

Exempt wine products

Products such as 'British wine' or blackberry wine are not considered wine, and are only permitted to include the word "wine" as part of a composite description.  British wine is a drink made from grape juice or concentrate that could be from anywhere in the world. English and Welsh wine from fresh grapes from local vineyards can legally be labelled as wine.  can advise you on the labelling of fruit wines.

Wine production, distribution and sale are highly regulated. Strict rules apply to:

• quality and additives in making different types of wine
• labelling
• record keeping

The enforces these wine regulations in the UK.

In wine production and sale, various other laws govern:

• tax
• licensing
• trade marks
• trade descriptions
• weights and measures
• food safety
• consumer protection
• alcohol duties

Wine quality standards

To ensure the quality and safety of wine products, there are practices and processes that growers and wine makers must follow by law. Wine wholesalers and retailers must also ensure they have the necessary documentation for the wines they buy.

Wine quality standards cover:

• minimum and maximum alcoholic strengths
• acidity
• sweetening additives
• residual sugar content
• fermentation additives
• enrichment additives
• clarifying agents
• total sulphur dioxide
• copper content
• iron content
• sterility (from yeast)
• protein stability
• wine blends

There are different rules for different categories and sub-categories of wine.

Wines should have certificates of quality status, certain kinds of closures, labels and documentation to guard against fraud.

The penalties for non-compliance with wine regulations range from warnings to prosecution. At retail level, local make inspections and enforcements.

Wine labelling rules

Labelling rules apply to all wine produced and marketed in Northern Ireland. In the absence of specific , food regulations apply. Trading standards and trade descriptions may also apply.

Some information must be included on the wine bottle label for the different categories and subcategories of wine. There are also differences in requirements for the UK, EU and other regions.

Enforcement of wine regulations

The FSA is responsible for the enforcement of wine regulations in the UK. This covers all premises and traders within the production and marketing chain, including wholesalers, warehouses and vineyards. Retail premises come under the control of local authorities.

You can contact the Wine Standards Inspection Team by email at winestandards@food.gov.uk or through .

Import and export requirements for wine, as well as certification, have been affected by the EU Exit.

Imports

You do not need to provide a VI-1 certificate if you are importing wine:

• into Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales)
• from the EU to Northern Ireland

You will need to provide an  if you鈥檙e importing wine from outside the EU directly into Northern Ireland.

Exports

You must  before you:

• export wine that is produced in Great Britain to the EU
• move wine that is produced in Great Britain to Northern Ireland

Your self-certification will confirm your wine complies with EU regulations. You must attach your self-certificate to your consignment of wine when it is exported.

If you're an authorised trader moving wine to Northern Ireland

Supermarkets and their trusted suppliers moving wine to Northern Ireland do not need official certification. This is part of the .

Export or move wine that is not produced in Great Britain or the EU

There are steps you need to follow if you are:

• moving wine produced in non-EU countries from Great Britain into Northern Ireland
• exporting wine produced in non-EU countries from Great Britain to the EU

You must also follow these steps if you are bottling wine from the EU and exporting it from Great Britain to the EU or moving it into Northern Ireland.

Find .