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A food incident is when there are concerns about the safety of a food (or animal feed) product and action may need to be taken to protect consumers. 

What is unsafe food or feed?

Food is 'unsafe' if it is harmful to health or unfit to eat. Food that is unfit includes food that doesn't meet quality standards, but isn't necessarily harmful to health.

Animal feed is unsafe if it has a direct adverse effect on human or animal health, or makes edible animal products unsafe to eat.

Reporting unsafe food

You must tell the relevant authorities if you think food or animal feed you have is unfit or harmful to health. This also applies to food or feed that you previously had. The relevant authorities may include:

• Food Standards Agency (FSA) - for food
• Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) - for feed

It may also be a good idea to inform your trade association.

Types of food incidents

The FSA defines a  as:

'Any event, where, based on the information available, there are concerns about actual or suspected threats to the safety, quality or integrity of food or animal feed and that could require intervention to protect consumers' interests.

The main categories of incidents are:

• contamination of food or animal feed - during processing, distribution, retail or catering
• incorrect food labelling - such as the omission of allergenic ingredients on a food label
• environmental pollution - such as a fire or chemical or oil spills

The FSA classifies an incident based on its potential impact and considering how the incident should be managed. There are four levels of classification:

• routine
• serious
• severe
• major

Following investigation, these incidents may mean that food or feed must be either: 

• 'withdrawn' - removed from sales and taken off the shelves
• 'recalled' - removed from sales and customers asked to return the product

See more on food withdrawals and recalls.  

A 'food incident' is when there are concerns about the safety of a food (or animal feed) product and action may need to be taken to protect consumers. See what is a food incident.

You can report a food or animal feed incident to the Food Standards Agency (FSA) through their .

You can also contact the FSA Northern Ireland on Tel 0330 332 7149 or by email at incidents.ni@food.gov.uk.

Food crime is serious fraud that impacts the safety or the authenticity of food, drink or animal feed. It can be seriously harmful to consumers, food businesses and the wider food industry. For more information, see how to report food fraud and read more about food crime.

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) considers food crime as serious fraud and related criminality in food supply chains. This definition also includes activity affecting drink and animal feed.

There are many different types of food crime. This includes:

• theft
• illegal processing
• adulteration
• substitution
• waste diversion
• document fraud
• misrepresentation - ie marketing or labelling a product to wrongly portray its quality, safety, origin or freshness

Reporting food crime

If you are a whistleblower or a member of the public wishing to report a food crime, you can contact the NFCU's Food Crime Confidential hotline is 0800 028 11 80.

Alternatively, you can .

Local authorities are responsible for cases of poor food hygiene where there is no deliberate dishonesty or intention to deceive customers.

If you decide to report food fraud by , public interest disclosure law protects you from unfair treatment from your employer.

As a result of a food incident, you may need to recall or withdraw a food product. It is important to plan ahead and have procedures in place so you can act quickly if a recall or withdrawal is required. 

What are food withdrawals and recalls?

A withdrawal is when unsafe food is removed from the supply chain before it has reached consumers. 

A recall is when unsafe food is removed from the supply chain and consumers are advised to take appropriate action, for example, to return or dispose of the unsafe food.

Withdrawals and recalls guidance

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) has produced guidance to explain what the law requires and what businesses need to do if they experience a food incident. The guidance includes advice and best practice on: 

• traceability systems  
• making a decision on carrying out a withdrawal or recall  
• roles and responsibilities
• how to inform consumers of a food recall

Find the within the UK food industry. Additional resources are also available to help you carry out a recall, including sample decision logs, notification templates, best practice examples and more.

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) issues to notify consumers about food safety problems. It also copies these notifications to local authorities and port authorities.

Types of food alert

There are different types of alert:

• Food Alert for Action (FAFA) is issued where intervention by enforcement authorities is required. These notices are often issued in conjunction with a product withdrawal or recall.
• Product Recall Information Notice (PRIN) makes the public aware an unsafe food product is being removed from the supply chain, and advises consumers to take appropriate action (for example, to return or dispose of the unsafe food).
• Allergy Alert (AA) tells the public that a product has missing or incorrect allergen labelling.

Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF)

The is how European Union member states share information about investigations into unfit food or feed. It is co-ordinated by the European Commission.

From 1 January 2021, the UK no longer has full member state level access to the EU's RASFF. However, the EU-UK trade agreement ensures exchange of food safety information which the FSA can then use as part of its .

Businesses must ensure safe food practices concerning their

• products
• premises
• working conditions

This is the best way to prevent cases of food crime and minimise food and feed incidents.

Responsibility of food and feed businesses

Food and feed business operators in Northern Ireland must comply with the relevant hygiene regulations. They must put in place a food hygiene system based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles. 

HACCP advises you to:

• conduct a hazard analysis
• identify critical control points
• establish critical control points monitoring requirements
• establish critical limits
• establish corrective actions
• establish record keeping systems
• establish procedures for ensuring the HACCP system is working as intended

With these procedures in place, you can set up critical control points, or key actions that can be taken to prevent further hazards.

If a food or feed safety incident occurs

Where you have experienced a food or feed safety incident, you should conduct a exercise to understand how and why it happened. It will help you identify actions to prevent future incidents.

You can use the results of the RCA to review how you manage food safety and hygiene in a your food business. this includes traceability, withdrawal and recall of unsafe food.

To help businesses understand RCA, the Food Standards Agency (FSA) has developed a .