Cloning and novel foods
Food produced from cloned animals is considered novel and requires pre-market approval.
Food from cloned animals, for example meat, eggs or milk, falls under the scope of the EU . Under the regulation, cloning is considered a novel production technique and is subject to authorisation.
Under current operating arrangements for Northern Ireland, businesses seeking a new authorisation for novel foods placed on the NI market will continue to follow EU food rules. From Autumn 2023, the Windsor Framework will allow GB public health standards to apply for pre-packed retail goods moved via a new NI retail movement scheme and placed on the NI market. Therefore, goods moving via this route containing GB authorised products will be able to be placed on the NI market.
To apply for an authorisation of a novel food in Great Britain, use the UK's .
What is cloning?
Cloning is a process that produces genetically identical individuals without genetic modification.
Cloning is common in horticulture, for example - growing plants from a cutting or a graft produces genetic copies of the original plants. Some microorganisms - such as amoebas, and insects - such as greenfly, also clone themselves naturally.
Scientists have developed a way to clone cattle and other farm animals using a technique known as 'somatic cell nuclear transfer' (SCNT). SCNT doesn't occur naturally.
The use of this technique in mammals raises animal welfare concerns. However, in terms of food safety, there is no evidence to suggest any difference between products from healthy clones and those from healthy conventionally-bred animals.
How is cloning regulated?
To date, cloning is not used for commercial production of food in the EU. No company has ever applied to sell food from cloned animals on the EU market.
If this happens in the future, any products obtained from cloned animals would be considered novel foods. As such, they would need to be safety assessed and authorised by the EU before they could be legally placed on the EU market.
Read more about regulation of novel foods and find out how novel foods are assessed.
Food Standards Agency (FSA) research
The FSA has researched public attitudes towards cloning and the possibility that the offspring of cloned animals could enter the food chain. The survey found that areas of consumer concern included:
- food safety
- animal welfare issues
- a lack of trust in the organisations with an interest in cloning
The report concluded that the public would only accept the idea of buying and eating food from clones and their offspring if these concerns had been addressed.
Read the FSA's report on .