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Food hygiene regulations apply to all farmers and growers. The laws you should be aware of are:

For more information, see the Food Standards Agency's guidance on .

Food Hygiene

Food hygiene legislation applies to farmers, growers and other primary producers as part of the 'farm to fork' approach to food safety.

If you are a farmer or grower, you need to follow good hygiene practices and manage your operations in a way that controls food safety problems. If your business produces dairy or egg products, Regulation 853/2004 lays down specific rules on the hygiene of foodstuffs that apply to these sectors.

You must also continue to comply with other rules, for example, on veterinary medicines and pesticides. If you are a primary producer, you are not required to have a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system.

Primary producers must also be registered with the competent authority which is the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) in Northern Ireland.

There is no specific positive list of feed materials that can be fed to farm animals. This is partly because of the likely length of such a list. It is also because research into animal nutrition continually finds new uses for potential crops. It is your choice what to feed your animals based on the species you farm, their produce, and their nutritional needs.

However, Annex III of Regulation (EC) 767/2009 on the placing on the market and use of feed lists materials that are restricted or prohibited for animal nutritional purposes.

Feed hygiene regulations for farmers

EU feed hygiene regulations apply to all farmers. The laws you should be aware of are:

• , including production, transport, storage and use of animal feed

Find more information about the .

Legislation for animal feed businesses

The legal definition of a feed business is "any undertaking, whether for profit or not and whether public or private, carrying out any operation of production, manufacture, processing, storage, transport or distribution of feed, including any producer producing, processing or storing feed for feeding to animals on his own holding".

UK laws on the composition and marketing of animal feed are derived from EU measures.

Animal feed regulations cover:

• the additives (vitamins, colourants, flavourings, binders etc) authorised for use in animal feed
• the maximum levels of various contaminants - eg arsenic, lead, dioxins and certain pesticides
• certain ingredients that must not be used in feed
• the nutritional claims that can be made for certain feeds
• the names and descriptions which must be applied to various feed materials - that is, ingredients fed singly
• the information to be provided on feed labels

You must also , and ensure that your facilities, storage, personnel and record-keeping meet the necessary requirements.

Genetically modified (GM) materials in animal feed

As the UK cannot supply all the animal feed it requires, it imports approximately 20 per cent of its feed materials from outside the European Union. Some of this material will be GM.

For more information, see .

Cross-compliance refers to the requirements farmers must meet in order to fufill payments under a number of schemes. 

Cross-compliance responsibilities 

It is important that you are aware of your responsibilities regarding . These apply to you if you receive direct payments under Common Agricultural Policy 91香蕉黄色视频 schemes or certain rural development schemes. Be aware that your payments may be reduced if you do not comply with these requirements.

There are three aspects of cross compliance, including:

• specific European legal requirements, known as Statutory Management Requirements
• domestic legal requirements requiring you to keep your land in Good Agricultural and Environmental Condition
• requirements to maintain a level of permanent pasture not included in the crop rotation for five years or more - note that this is not currently a cross compliance requirement for individual farmers, but may become one in future years

Cross compliance requirements apply in addition to your underlying obligations under European and UK legislation. Remember, you may face other penalties if you do not meet these obligations, as well as risk losing payments.
 

All cereal farmers must be aware of mycotoxins that could be present in their crops. Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by some fungi. If left untreated, mycotoxins can be hazardous to animal and human health.

There are legal limits on the levels of mycotoxins present in cereals and cereal products.

The main types of of concern that usually affect UK crops are:

• fusarium toxins in the field
• ochratoxin A in stored grain
• aflatoxins

Reducing mycotoxins

You can reduce the risk of mycotoxins through good agricultural practice, which means performing a risk assessment and taking the appropriate actions to manage the risk. For example, you could:

• dry crops thoroughly before storage
• avoid intense rotation of fungi host crops
• reduce previous crop residue
• choose resistant crop varieties
• consider using fungicide

.

The law sets limits for the levels of veterinary medicine residue that can be present in food. Farmers have a duty to ensure safe and responsible use of veterinary medicines.

The is responsible for medicines control in Northern Ireland, including veterinary medicines. The key law is the .

Veterinary medicine records 

You are legally required to keep the following on your farm:

• prescriptions 
• record of purchase
• record of disposal 
• record of administration

You must keep this for at least five years after you have disposed of or administered the medicine. The Department for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) provide . These records will be will be checked by the Veterinary Service on farm visits. If you fail to keep the correct records, they could prosecute or fine you up to 拢5,000. 

Anti-microbial resistance 

Anti-microbial Resistance (AMR) can cause a disease or infection to resist treatment in both humans and animals. There is a link between the use of antimicrobial drugs in farming and AMR in humans. You have a duty to ensure that . Consider the following key points:

• Always take advice from your veterinary surgeon. This will ensure you use the most appropriate medicine in the correct manner.
• Adhere strictly to withdrawal periods. This is one of the most common reasons why illegal levels of residues are found in animals and products
• Use the correct dose rate for the weight of the animal to be treated. Overdosing could mean illegal residue levels are still present after the withdrawal period has expired.
• Keep accurate records - this will help you work out whether or not a withdrawal period has expired. 

'Pesticide' is a broad term, covering a range of products that are used to control pests. They include:

• insect killers - insecticides
• mould and fungi killers - fungicides
• weedkillers - herbicides
• slug pellets - molluscicides
• rat and mouse killers - rodenticides

Farmers use to protect crops while they are growing and during storage. This is important to safeguard human health and prevent food becoming contaminated, for example by fungi, mice, flies or other insects.

Pesticide rules 

There are rules in place to ensure that pesticides do not cause harm to human health, wildlife and the environment. (MRLs) are the maximum levels of pesticide residue that may remain in a food after using pesticide. 

Food businesses must ensure that the food they produce or import is complies with the law, including MRLs. Read more about . 

Pesticide enforcement

In Northern Ireland, the (DAERA) is responsible for ensuring the safe use of pesticides to protect the health of people and the environment.